Most ponds in full sun with no to light filtration will need to have 50-70% of the ponds surface covered with these plants. As most water plants are vigorous, it is important to thin them out to prevent them from completely covering the surface. Failure
to do so may result in oxygen deprivation to the aquatic life below.
Biological filtration is the natural process by which ammonia, a by product of fish waste, and other nutrients are broken down through the process of beneficial bacteria.
These nutrients are then available to the plants, or released into the atmosphere in the form of nitrate gas. Smooth pond walls have little surface area so providing substrate such as non-limestone gravel will give these bacteria a place to work.
Biological filters are canisters filled with porous media to provide additional surface area. Keeping the water well circulated
further enhances bacterial activity.
